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A vaccine would be faster and better people quit smoking may help. Article archive posted May 13, 2011
April 28, 2010: Source: http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/04/21/nicotine.vaccine.nicvax/index.html
NicVAX - a vaccine against smoking would help people get rid of their smoking and stay. That the producer of the vaccine on CNN. From Phase I and II studies showed that the vaccination group, the number of people stopped at least one year more than doubled. In the placebo group showed 6% of participants were able to stop for one year, in the vaccination group showed 16% a year to stop. At present, there is a large randomized phase III trials whose results are expected late 2011.
The producer of the vaccine, explains that the nicotine that people get very quickly within the blood - brain barrier and thus can pass in the brains dopamine creates a blissful making smokers feel. Now the vaccine binds to nicotine and that makes it so great that the blood brain barrier into the brains can not pass.
(CNN) - A vaccine That Could help people stop smoking is showing promise
in early clinical trials, researchers Announced this week at a national
meeting or addiction specialists.
The vaccine is designed stimulation to the immune system to generate
That Would antibodies latch on to nicotine in a smoker's body and Prevent it from
ever boarding the brain.
The vaccine maker, Nabi Biopharmaceuticals, among Those Who Reported That
responded best to NicVAX EARLIER in testing, 16 percent Were Able to Stop
smoking and not start again, compared with 6 percent in the placebo group.
These are Considered statistically significant results and superior or
comparable to the testing results of Zyban and Chantix, prescription
Already approved medications to help smokers quit over the age of 18, officials Nabi
Told the _National Institute on Drug Abuse_
( http://topics.cnn.com/topics/national_institute_on_drug_abuse ) conference in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
In Addition, Those Whose bodies must effectively responded to cut NicVAX
the number of cigarettes smoked, from a baseline of 20 cigarettes per day to
10 cigarettes per day.
Those who fired the vaccine Experienced few side effects, said Dr.. Raafat
Fahim, President and CEO of Nabi Biopharmaceuticals.
In 2009, Zyban and Chantix Were ordered by the Food and Drug Administration
to carry "black box" warnings of the risk of depression and suicidal
thoughts.
Nabi Began the first phase III trials for NicVAX last November, enrollment
1000 people. In March, a second Phase III trial with another Began 1000
participant. Phase III trials are Intended To Prove a drug's effectiveness.
The effects of nicotine addiction cause Nearly a half-million deaths
Annually in the United States, According To the American Cancer Society.
"Finding effective treatments That Can Help people stay off cigarettes HAS
bone a real challenge, "said Dr.. Francis Collins, director of the _National
Institutes of Health_
( http://topics.cnn.com/topics/National_Institutes_of_Health ). "This phase III trial of a nicotine vaccine Offers Tremendous
Towards hope solving this enormous public health problem. "
One of the primary goals of the NicVAX Phase III trials to determining
what is the smoking abstinence rate at 12 months, how many people are Meaningless
Actually Quitting for good.
Study results are anticipated by the third quarter of 2011. Then, said Dr..
Nora Volkow, director of the NIDA, "we can get the vaccine in front of the
Food and Drug Administration for approval. "
Volkow, citing the positive reports, said she is excited about the idea or
vaccinating to fight addiction overall. Noting That a vaccine for cocaine
Also addiction is in testing, she said, "We Could Apply it for heroin, for
marijuana, other drugs, And That Could make a huge impact. "
When a smoker inhales cigarette smoke, nicotine is Absorbed through the
lung tissue, enter the blood stream and carried interest through the body. Because
Nicotine is a small molecule, it Easily crosses the blood-brain barrier Into the
brain. The then binds to nicotine receptors in the brain, Which release
dopamine, a stimulant That gives the smoker a pleasurable sensation, Known As
a "smoker's high."
This process very Rapidly occure in the body - Less than one minute after
_tobacco_ ( http://topics.cnn.com/topics/Smoking_and_Tobacco_Use ) smoke is
inhaled - so the nicotine fix is quick. That's what the Causes addiction.
The vaccine NicVAX That Creates antibodies bind to nicotine in the
blood stream, blocking it from crossing Into the brain, through the blood-brain
barrier. Because that's thesis nicotine-specific antibodies are molecules That
cross are too big to enter the brain.
So the bound nicotine in the blood is trapped and can not reach the receptors
That triggers the release of dopamine, the pleasure Which is what Causes
response. It's Believed That the nicotine addiction of the smoker to compromise
Diminish gradually becauses as the antibodies created by NicVAX continued to
bind to the nicotine, the nicotine overreaching Amount of the brain gradually compromise
Decrease.
"We hope the Phase III trials compromise get stronger results, so That a large
percentage of our population can-benefit from it "Volkow said." Ideally, we'd
like to see 100 percent of Those Taking the vaccine stopped smoking for
good. "
Relapse is a significant challenge facing smokers, Volkowsaid. With
Currently available therapies, relapse rates as high as Can Be 90 percent in the
first year after a smoker quit. Of the 44 million people in the U.S. who
smoke, the American Cancer Society says, because They say 70 percent to quit,
and about 40 percent do quit Each year. Yet only 4 percent to 7 percent
Actually give up smoking, without help, Permanently.
